![]() Upon his death in 1965, he was given a state funeral. In declining health, Churchill resigned as prime minister in 1955, although he remained an MP until 1964. Domestically, his government emphasised house-building and developed a nuclear weapon. Re-elected Prime Minister in 1951, his second term was preoccupied with foreign affairs, especially Anglo-American relations and, despite ongoing decolonisation, preservation of the British Empire. Amid the developing Cold War with the Soviet Union, he publicly warned of an "iron curtain" of Soviet influence in Europe and promoted European unity. After the Conservatives' defeat in the 1945 general election, he became Leader of the Opposition. Churchill oversaw British involvement in the Allied war effort against the Axis powers, resulting in victory in 1945. ![]() In 1940 he became prime minister, replacing Neville Chamberlain. At the outbreak of the Second World War he was re-appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Out of office during the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in calling for British rearmament to counter the growing threat of militarism in Nazi Germany. After two years out of Parliament, he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in Stanley Baldwin's Conservative government, returning the pound sterling in 1925 to the gold standard at its pre-war parity, a move widely seen as creating deflationary pressure and depressing the UK economy. ![]() In 1917, he returned to government under David Lloyd George and served successively as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, Secretary of State for Air, and Secretary of State for the Colonies, overseeing the Anglo-Irish Treaty and British foreign policy in the Middle East. As First Lord during the First World War, he oversaw the Gallipoli Campaign after it proved a disaster, he resigned from government and served in the Royal Scots Fusiliers on the Western Front. Asquith's Liberal government, Churchill served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary, and First Lord of the Admiralty, championing prison reform and workers' social security. Elected an MP in 1900, initially as a Conservative, he defected to the Liberals in 1904. He joined the British Army in 1895, and saw action in British India, the Anglo-Sudan War, and the Second Boer War, gaining fame as a war correspondent and writing books about his campaigns. Of mixed English and American parentage, Churchill was born in Oxfordshire to a wealthy, aristocratic family. He was a member of the Liberal Party from 1904 to 1924. Ideologically an economic liberal and imperialist, he was for most of his career a member of the Conservative Party, as leader from 1940 to 1955. Apart from two years between 19, Churchill was a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1900 to 1964 and represented a total of five constituencies. ![]() He was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945, when he led the country to victory in the Second World War, and again from 1951 to 1955. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician, army officer, and writer. ![]()
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